| Sun energy vs. fossil reserves: 5 days |
Sunlight to Earth in 5 days = all fossil reserves (tapped + untapped) |
| 2025 demand growth from solar: 75% |
Global electricity demand growth share; 2025 |
| 2025 demand growth from solar + wind: 99% |
Near-total incremental demand served by new renewables |
| Solar gen 2025: 2,778 TWh (+30% YoY) |
Highest solar growth rate in 8 years; Ember GER 2026 |
| Renewables > coal: 2025 (1st time in 100 yrs) |
Renewables 34% vs coal 33% of global generation |
| Fossil electricity growth: -0.2% (2025) |
5th no-growth fossil year this century |
| Electrotech efficiency: ~3× |
Electric end-use vs combustion; primary-energy wasted as heat |
| Waste heat cost: $5T/yr |
~380 EJ wasted as heat; combustion system losses |
| Solar energy vs fossil: ~100× |
Accessible solar resource magnitude vs fossil reserves |
| Electricity investment (2025): $1.5T |
~50% higher than oil + gas + coal supply investment |
| Clean energy investment (proj.): $2.2T |
Projected annual clean spend; IEA-style framing |
| US emissions, homes + personal fleets: 42% |
Largest addressable category; household + light-duty transport |
| Machines to swap (US): ~1B fossil devices |
Cars, furnaces, water heaters, stoves, etc.; “machines are policy” |
| Home swaps: 10 machines |
EV; HVAC; water heater; stove; dryer; e-lawn; + solar + storage |
| Other emissions outside home+cars: ~58% |
Commercial ~20%; industry; ag; aviation |
| China electrification rate (2023): 26% |
Share of final energy as electricity; > US + Europe |
| China share of global electricity demand: ~1/3 |
Demand gravity; drives supply chain scale |
| China share global solar+wind capacity: 43% |
Installed base leadership |
| China solar manufacturing control: 80%+ |
PV supply chain dominance (cells/modules/components) |
| China nuclear build share: ~50% |
Current global nuclear build pipeline |
| US+Saudi+Russia oil gen (2024): ~31M bpd |
~1/3 of global oil; exceeds rest of OPEC combined |
| Electrotech building blocks: 5 |
Batteries; motors; power electronics; embedded compute; AI/LLMs |
| Motor efficiency: ~90% |
Electric traction + industrial motors typical range |
| ICE efficiency: ~25–30% |
Combustion drivetrain conversion losses |
| Heat pump COP: 2–4× |
Heat delivered per unit electricity |
| CAISO: solar 26%, batteries 24%, wind 10% |
Example of high-solar system with storage smoothing |
| US solar build rate: ~12 GW/quarter |
New capacity pace; utility-scale dominated |
| Residential solar credit: 30% (threatened) |
Long-running ITC; policy risk for installers |
| 2030 EV sales forecast: 40M |
Thunder Said Energy upgrade; solar-powered EV tailwind |
| US EV sales Q2 2025: -6.3% YoY |
Cox Auto; pull-forward then subsidy cliff dynamic |
| MA bidirectional chargers pilot: 100 |
V2X / vehicle-to-home-grid capability |
| Avg charger utilization: 13% |
Infrastructure ahead of demand; resilience buffer |
| Community Lighthouse funding: $13.8M |
Church-based solar+battery resilience hubs; Together New Orleans |
| NOLA VPP program: $30M |
DER aggregation: solar, batteries, EVs; dispatchable grid services |